Titan Printer

 

 

Accessories Box

 

1) Heavy duty scraper	11) Extraction spigot 100mm	21) Vat gasket
2) Heavy duty scraper spare blade	12) Spray bottle 750ml	22) Blowpeel gasket
3) PH2 Screwdriver	13) 5kg Titan Hard	23) M4 x 8 Phillips pan head screw stainless
4) PH3 Screwdriver	14) Cutters set	24) M4 x 8 Phillips pan head screw stainless
5) Electrical compartment key	15) Junior hacksaw	25) 64GB 3.0 USB Flash Drive
6) Funnel	16) Junior hacksaw spare blade	26) Photocentric Studio License Key
7) Strainer 400 micron paper filter	17) Air fitting	27) Power cable
8) Wi-Fi antenna	18) Heavy duty 2″ stripping knife/scraper	28) Vat lifting aid
9) Large gloves x100	19) Pipette and swab pack	29) Vat reskinning aid
10) Safety glasses	20) Pipe clamps (set of 2)

 

Accessories Box

 

1) Heavy duty scraper
2) Heavy duty scraper spare blad
3) PH2 Screwdriver
4) PH3 Screwdriver
5) Electrical compartment key
6) Funnel
7) Strainer 400 micron paper filter
8) Wi-Fi antenna
9) Large gloves x100
10) Safety glasses
11) Extraction spigot 100mm
12) Spray bottle 750ml
13) 5kg Titan Hard
14) Cutters set
15) Junior hacksaw 
16) Junior hacksaw spare blade
17) Air fitting
18) Heavy duty 2″ stripping knife/scraper
19) Pipette and swab pack
20) Pipe clamps (set of 2)
21) Vat gasket
22) Blowpeel gasket
23) M4 x 8 Phillips pan head screw stainless
24) M4 x 8 Phillips pan head screw stainless
25) 64GB 3.0 USB Flash Drive
26) Photocentric Studio License Key
27) Power cable
28) Vat lifting aid
29) Vat reskinning aid

 

Ambient light

Titan uses resins that cure when exposed to light in the blue part of the spectrum (460nm). The resin is sensitive to visible and especially sunlight. Operate your printer in a low or red-light environment. Always avoid direct sunlight. If possible, reduce the light levels when handling resin.

Space/location

Titan weighs 635kg and it’s important that it is placed on a flat, smooth, hard surface floor with its feet engaged and levelled (see ‘Installing Titan’ section for levelling information).

When Titan is positioned its noise level should be measured as this can vary due to location and surrounding objects. Typically values greater than 80dB will require ear protection for prolonged exposure. Local regulations to be followed regarding noise levels.

Choose a location with operating temperature between 20-25ºC and store resins in a similar environment.

When choosing a suitable location, allow plenty of space and consider the workflow between Titan, Wash XL and Cure XL.

Titan’s external dimensions are 2140 x 1540 x 620mm. The following information also needs to be considered when choosing a suitable location.

• Main door width is 1180mm with a minimum required opening of 90 degrees. Its maximum opening is 180 degrees.
• Resin compartment door width is 700mm with a minimum required opening of 90 degrees. Its maximum opening is 180 degrees.
• At least 400mm clearance is required for fans air intake door.
• At least 200mm clearance is required for power, air connections and Wi-Fi antenna.

If positioning multiple Titan machines in a farm configuration, we recommend angling them at 30 degrees and spacing them at 2.2m intervals (Figure 7). This allows access to the print chamber, resin dosing system, and affords space for cooling air intake/exhaust with minimal use of floor space.

Always keep the base of Titan clear from obstruction.

Extraction

Titan has two extraction ports, on the roof panel and top left side, both have cover plates. Only one extraction port should be used at a time. The cover plates are attached with 4 screws. A 100mm spigot is supplied in the accessory box. This can be attached if the cover plate is removed. Re-use the four screws to secure the spigot, it will allow you to connect 4-inch (100mm) ducting to the printer.

Extraction is recommended if Titan is operated in a confined or poorly ventilated space. The volume of air inside the printer is approximately 1600 litres (1.6 m3). A maximum of 0.4 air changes per minute should be used.  This corresponds to a flow rate of 640 litres per minute or 38 m3 per hour.

Using higher flow rate during a print job can cause excessive cooling of the resin which may affect print performance.

In cases where a higher extraction flow rate must be used, most of the fumes can be removed from Titan in a few minutes. After each print is finished, turn on the extraction for a short period of time before opening the printer door.

Photocentric recommends BOFA extraction system (Pro4) to connect to Titan. For more information click here

Power

• Titan requires an earthed mains power supply with a voltage of 230VAC and frequency of 50/60 Hz.
• Titan requires a 3 pin (an earth and 2-pole) 32A socket conforming to IEC 309 and EN 60309-1/2 /BS4343. If necessary, a correctly rated 32A 3-pole to 32A 5-pole power adapter can be used to connect to a 5-pole socket.
• Titan has a peak power consumption of 3.4kW and will draw an average of 14.1A when connected to a 230 VAC supply. Titan has an average power consumption of 1.1kW and 0.2kW on idle.
• Only connect Titan to the socket using the power cable supplied.
• The printer power connection is located at the back of the printer next to an isolator switch. When plugging in the printer ensure the isolator switch is turned to the off position until all other connections are secure. Similarly, always switch off the isolator switch before unplugging the printer.
• The printer will turn on automatically when the isolator switch is turned on.

Connections

• Titan has a USB 3.0 port on the front below the GUI, and two at the rear. One at the top, one next to the power connection. The rear top USB is for the Wi-Fi antenna (provided).
• Only the provided Wi-Fi antenna should be used.
• Titan also has an RJ45 network socket on the back if you require a wired network connection.
• The USB port at the front of the printer allows you to upload print files via a USB flash drive.

Air

• Continuous feed of compressed air (centralised system or through a stand-alone compressor) with a 10mm OD tubing is required.
• Recommended air pressure is 6 bar (9 psi) with a minimum of 2 bar (8psi) compressed air.
• Recommended air flow is minimum of 60 l/min.

External resin feed (optional)

If it is required to consume more than 15kg (Titan internal resin tank max volume), Titan can be connected to an external larger volume resin container through the access points.

 

Un-crating Titan

Tools required to un-crate Titan

• Forklift capable of lifting 1000kg
• Torx 30 screwdriver
• Torx 20 screwdriver
• 12mm Allen key

When unloading Titan, eye protection, safety shoes and gloves should be worn. Titan weighs 635kg and the crate weighs 200kg, so a total weight of 835kg. Two operators are required, and Titan can only be unloaded with a forklift.

• Remove the Torx-head fastenings from the top on the front and rear panels with a Torx 30 screwdriver.
• Carefully remove the top panel.
• Remove the side panels by removing the Torx-head panel fastenings.
• Remove the Torx-head fastenings from the base on the front panel.
• Remove the front panel.
• Finally, remove the Torx-head fastenings from the base to remove the rear panel.

Removing Titan from the pallet

Unbolt the chassis from the steel brackets.

• First, unbolt four marked screws of the fan filter hatch with a Torx 20 screwdriver.
• Remove two M14 screws with a 12mm Allen key.
• Do the same for other side, by opening resin compartment door and removing two M14 screws.
• Keep the screws and bracket on the pallet and store them away.

 

Four fan filter hatch door screws that have to be removed	Removing M14 screws	Forks’ location to lift and manoeuvre the printer

Un-crating Titan

Tools required to un-crate Titan

• Forklift capable of lifting 1000kg
• Torx 30 screwdriver
• Torx 20 screwdriver
• 12mm Allen key

When unloading Titan, eye protection, safety shoes and gloves should be worn. Titan weighs 635kg and the crate weighs 200kg, so a total weight of 835kg. Two operators are required, and Titan can only be unloaded with a forklift.

• Remove the Torx-head fastenings from the top on the front and rear panels with a Torx 30 screwdriver.
• Carefully remove the top panel.
• Remove the side panels by removing the Torx-head panel fastenings.
• Remove the Torx-head fastenings from the base on the front panel.
• Remove the front panel.
• Finally, remove the Torx-head fastenings from the base to remove the rear panel.

Removing Titan from the pallet

Unbolt the chassis from the steel brackets.

• First, unbolt four marked screws of the fan filter hatch with a Torx 20 screwdriver.
• Remove two M14 screws with a 12mm Allen key.
• Do the same for other side, by opening resin compartment door and removing two M14 screws.
• Keep the screws and bracket on the pallet and store them away.

 

 

Four fan filter hatch door screws that have to be removed

Removing M14 screws

Forks location

 

• Preferably lift the printer from the back, if not from the front but never from the sides.
• Adjust the fork spacing so that both forks fit between the feet.
• Make sure that the forks reach fully under the printer before lifting, this way the weight is distributed across structural parts of the printer chassis.
• We recommend storing the printer’s crate in a safe and dry location.

Manoeuvring Titan

After locating Titan in the preferred location, if further short positioning is required, we recommend using the wheels on the printer.

Make sure the adjustable feet are fully retracted before moving the printer on its wheels. Extend them back to the floor, in the new printer position.

For other cases, use a heavy-duty pallet truck or forklift, rated to 1 tonne or above. If using a forklift or pallet truck, slide the forks under the front, positioned inside the wheels, and all the way to back of the printer before raising it up.

• Lifting Titan incorrectly could cause serious damage to critical, functional parts of the machine.
  If the printer is being carried any distance by forklift, secure it to the forks using ratchet straps to prevent it moving or bouncing on the forks.
• Pieces of rubber mat can be used to protect the printer from being damaged by the forks.

Levelling the printer

Titan is equipped with a sprint level placed on the front left corner of the internal chamber. Printer is correctly levelled when the bubble is in the centre of the cross and within the first inner circle.

Titan stands on wheels with adjustable feet that can be lowered and adjusted to level the printer. We recommend the printer to be as level as possible to keep the level of the resin parallel to the top of the vat. You can adjust the feet up and down by pulling out the lever, choose the direction and rachet the lever to left or right.

 

Titan spirit level position	Bubble position in the middle of the cross and within the first circle	Twist ratchet to adjust the feet

Manoeuvring Titan

After locating Titan in the preferred location, if further short positioning is required, we recommend using the wheels on the printer.

Make sure the adjustable feet are fully retracted before moving the printer on its wheels. Extend them back to the floor, in the new printer position.

For other cases, use a heavy-duty pallet truck or forklift, rated to 1 tonne or above. If using a forklift or pallet truck, slide the forks under the front, positioned inside the wheels, and all the way to back of the printer before raising it up.

• Lifting Titan incorrectly could cause serious damage to critical, functional parts of the machine.
  If the printer is being carried any distance by forklift, secure it to the forks using ratchet straps to prevent it moving or bouncing on the forks.
• Pieces of rubber mat can be used to protect the printer from being damaged by the forks.

Levelling the printer

Titan is equipped with a sprint level placed on the front left corner of the internal chamber. Printer is correctly levelled when the bubble is in the centre of the cross and within the first inner circle.

Titan stands on wheels with adjustable feet that can be lowered and adjusted to level the printer. We recommend the printer to be as level as possible to keep the level of the resin parallel to the top of the vat. You can adjust the feet up and down by pulling out the lever, choose the direction and rachet the lever to left or right.

 

 Titan spirit level position

 

Bubble position in the middle of the cross and within the first circle

 

Twist ratchet to adjust the feet

 

Checking connections

Titan should now be positioned appropriately and be ready for use.

Connection to power source and air supply should be completed by a competent person.

1. Open the door and remove the accessories box and linear drive protection.

2. Take the power cable and plug in Titan’s power socket. Plug the cable into the printer and then into the wall socket/ power source. To unplug the printer from the power, first unplug the power cord from the wall socket, then disconnect the plug from the printer. To remove the plug, pull back the latch and twist 90 degrees anticlockwise.

3. Connect the compressed air supply hose to Titan. Good cable management practises should be followed with power cables and compressed air hoses removed from walkways with trip hazards removed or reduced.

Connecting to Wi-Fi

1. Prepare the printer for internet connectivity by:

1. 1. Wi-Fi – Insert the supplied Wi-Fi dongle into the back panel socket.
   2. Ethernet – Connect one end of an Ethernet cable to the socket on the rear with the other end connected to your local area network.
2. Turn the printer on by rotating the isolator switch.
3. If you are planning to connect to Wi-Fi, go to settings then to Network.
   1. Select your Wi-Fi network.
   2. Press Connect.
   3. Type the password and connect.

You should see an IP address listed with Wi-Fi stating connected.

4. Close the printer door.
5. Select Maintain and then Calibration Routines on the GUI.
6. Select Home platform and wait for the printer arm to reach its homing location at the top.
7. Once movement is complete, open the printer door and remove the foam blocks.
8. Remove the GUI screen protector.

 

User interface

Print job process time- You can see the accurate print time in Photocentric Studio after slicing, the user interface software does not immediately calculate the correct print time. It can take up to half the print process before it gets corrected on screen (the longer first layers distorting the calculation).

Clearing GUI memory- We recommend deleting previous print job files to maximise processing memory for faster GUI performance.

Home Page- initial display when the printer is switched on providing access to different menus.
When printing this page will show the current print job’s progress and status.

File Explorer- displays the files stored on the printer that are available to print and where files are uploaded either by online or offline transfer.

Maintenance- offers functions that check and maintain printer features. It is recommended that these features are used only after training.
Logs- offers access to the log files generated by the printer to use for potential fault finding/debugging.
Settings- provides information on the status of the network connection either wired or wirelessly along with information on the connection.
Hostname- allows you to update the hostname of the printer. No special characters or spaces should be used. If the hostname is updated it should be followed up with a power up cycle of the printer.
The hostname can be used when accessing the printer over a local network.

Update- shows the current version of Crystalliser run on the printer and allows updating the printer software with the update file (.swu).

About Device- offers information about the printer.
Notifications- shows messages of recent events that have happened on the printer.

 

Air flow and pressure setting

• Correct air settings play a vital role in Titan print performance and its own health.
• Attach the quick fit air connector to the printer provided in the accessories box.
• Connect the air pipe to the printer. If using compressor, turn it on. Otherwise ensure main air supply is on and active.
• Open the maintenance hatch door. Open fully the flow regulator to 11 (unit). And adjust the pressure regulator to 0.2MPa
• Reset the sensor

Preparing for printing

1. If it is the first time using a new platform it should be lightly sanded to increase its surface roughness and improve adhesion. An FFP3 mask should be worn with the sanding taking place in a well-ventilated area or with extraction if necessary.

2. The required resin for the print is available from Photocentric Studio. Add the total to account for the minimum level in the vat and resin stuck to the part and platform.

3. Check the platform is in place and the vat is clamped down, then close the door. The icon on the GUI should show a locked door symbol to indicate the door is closed.

4. On the GUI select ‘Print files’ and choose a file to print.

 

Starting the print process

Before printing, it is important to ensure that the LCD screen protector, print platform, resin vat & Blow-Peel gasket are all in good condition and properly installed. Failure to do so may result in damage or a failed print.

Ensure correct PPE is used whilst handling any resins or interacting with any surfaces with resin present. Gloves and safety goggles have been provided, we also recommend wearing a lab coat or overalls.

1. Ensure the feet are locked and the printer screen is level relative to gravity. Prints can take up to 90 hours to complete so ensure the printer has the required resources for the duration.

2. Ensure the print platform is completely clean and dry, failure to do so may result in damage to your vat film or a failed print.

3. Load the print platform onto the print arm and ensure the two retaining end clamps are fully closed taking care to ensure the area between the clamp and clamped area are free of obstructions.

4. Ensure that the resin vat is completely clean and dry to avoid print failures or damage to the vat film.

5. Check the vat film for the signs of damage or wear. If in doubt about the condition of the vat film, refer to the maintenance section.

6. Ensure the Blow-Peel gasket is in place aligned to the vat block at the front and sides and is as flat as possible.

7. Place the vat in the machine aligning it to the back right corner of the vat locating features. Then secure the vat with the four vat clamps, they will locate on four indented disks.

8. On the ‘Routines’ screen run the Blow-Peel test and check if the vat film inflates and returns to be flat when vacuumed.

9. Ensure resin tube is connected correctly to the tank, through the pump and to the auto-fill resin assembly on the vat.

10. Ensure the resin sensor is installed on the auto-fill resin assembly and is plugged in.

11. Run the ‘Initialisation’ and ‘Calibration’ routines on the user interface.

 

Using resin autofill

When operating the resin management system eye protection and gloves to be worn. Before printing, it’s important to shake the resin in the bottle before pouring it into the resin management system.

The autofill process will take approximately 20 minutes to fill to the minimum level slot on the short edges of the vat. The operator can fill the vat up to avoid the filling wait time, if doing so ensure to not overfill past the bottom 8L line. The autofill system will maintain the level of the resin in the vat throughout the print, so ensure to fill the resin tank to its required capacity below the maximum line.

When the resin management system is in use the door should remain closed with particular care taken around the resin pump if checking the resin tank level.

 

Manually pouring resin

Before printing, it’s important to shake the resin in the bottle before pouring it into the resin management system. You can pour resin directly into the vat.

The vat can take a maximum of 12L of resin or 14.4kg. If more resin is required during a print, the print will need to be paused and topped up the appropriate amount. Pausing the print for too long can cause surface defects in the print.

When a print is running, the home page will show the current progress of the print, time elapsed, time remaining, image of current layer and image of overall print file. Here you can also pause or cancel your build.

 

Pausing a print

Do not pause the print unless necessary. If needed, only pause for a short time to avoid imperfections in printing and ensure both the resin vat and print platform are not removed during this time.

Once the ‘Cancel/resume’ options are displayed, the door can be opened. If opened sooner, the door and interlock could be damaged, and the print will be aborted with no option to resume.

Wait for the layer to finish exposing. Once paused, there is the option to cancel or resume the print.

 

Cancelling a print

Once the current layer is complete, if you have cancelled a print the print will stop, and the print arm will return to its homing location. Wait for all movement to cease, before opening the door of the printer.

 

Emergency stop during a print

When pressing the emergency stop (e-stop) during a print, the print will stop immediately, the current layer will stop exposing and all movement will cease.

To re-initialise the printer twist counter-clockwise and pull the e-stop button so it returns to its original extended position. Re-home the platform from the Calibration Routines page of the GUI and unload the platform as outlined in the End of print section. If the e-stop is pressed the print cannot be resumed.

 

Emergency Stop (E-Stop)

In case of emergency the E-Stops are located on the front of the machine and inside the chamber of the printer.

• When the E-stop is engaged power is still present in the machine. Linear motion and the light array will not function, but the GUI will. The linear motion has a brake system to prevent the print arm from falling.
• If the printer requires being unplugged in an emergency situation, turn the isolator switch OFF first if it is safe to do so. If this is not possible, turn off the power supply to the socket where the printer is plugged in if it is safe to do so.
• Ensure the printer is safely deenergized and disconnect from the air supply by a competent person before it is moved.
• To disengage the activated E-Stop, simply twist the button anti-clockwise after ensuring printer is powered on and safety concerns are removed.

When the print has finished

Liquid Crystal Titan does not need monitoring or supervision during the printing process, you do not need to be present when the print is due to finish.

Leaving a finished print inside the printer for a time will allow excess resin to drip back into the vat.

When you are ready to clean the print, open the door. Refer to the “Cleaning prints” section for further guidance.

During a print the resin inside the vat can raise in temperature and take time to cool, care should be taken to avoid contact with it even with gloves on.

 

Emptying resin from vat

Ensure gloves, safety goggles and lab coat/ overalls are worn when emptying the vat. The level of the resin container should be checked to ensure there is available space before emptying. Emptying of the vat can be paused at any stage to change containers if required.

1.  Select the ‘Empty Vat’ ‘EMPTY VAT SYMBOL’ routine in the Calibration Routines.

2. The resin management system will start pumping resin out of the vat. It is important to monitor level of resin in the container and pause process if it is full.

3.  Once the vat has approximately 20% remaining, tilt the vat with the chock and squeegee to move material to the nozzle.

4. When there is no more resin is being sucked up, use paper towels and a small amount of suitable cleaning solvent to clean the remainder of resin in the vat.

If removing the vat, remove the Resin Manager Attachment device and place in the cupboard inside the printer.

 

Removing vat from the printer

If removing the vat from the printer correct manual handling technique to be followed.

1. Clean off any resin drips on the outside of the vat with paper towel.
2. Place vat on suitable clean, smooth surface (eg vat cleaning foam mat).
3. Use paper towel to soak up the last of the resin in the vat.
4. Use a small amount of suitable cleaning solvent along with paper towel to clean the vat film and vat walls. Dry them thoroughly.
5. Check for any fragments of cured resin remaining on the vat film, dislodge them with care using the soft spatula provided.
6. Give the outside of the vat a final clean and check the film for signs of damage or wear, if you have any doubt about the condition of the vat film, refer to section replacing the vat film below. Printing with a damaged vat will cause failures and leaks causing permanent damage to the printer.
7. Check the screen of your Liquid Crystal Titan for any sign of resin contamination or damage.
8. If resin is present, clean thoroughly using paper towel, this is a sign that the film on the resin vat most likely needs replacing. If you believe your printer’s screen may be damaged, contact your supplier or visit the support pages of the Photocentric website. Store the resin vat in the printer when not in use.

To remove residual resin from printed parts and platforms, they will need to be cleaned. Photocentric recommends using the Photocentric Wash XL.

Once a build is complete, it is better to leave the platform over the vat to drain the excess resin.

When removing the platform from the printer eye protection, gloves and safety shoes should be worn.

 

1. Raise the lifting aid so that the forks can easily slide between the print platform and print arm as shown below.
2. Push the lifting aid forward against the front of the machine with its forks between the print arm and platform as shown.

3. Raise the lifting aid forks so that the build platform is supported by them.

4. Free the platform by releasing the two clamps at the front of the print arm.

Handle printed parts with care as they are more fragile before post-exposure and avoid unnecessary exposure to light.

Do not take printed parts off from the platform prior to the cleaning and post-curing steps. If removed, it may affect the dimensional accuracy of parts.

5. Pull the lifting aid backwards away from LC Titan so that the build platform is removed from the printer.

NOTE: If possible lower the lifting aid platform height to a level which will not damage the part but lower the overall centre of gravity of the lifting aid and build platform

6. Push the lifting aid and the platform into the Wash XL and lock the platform in place using the specifically designed attachment.

7. Slowly remove the lifting aid ensuring that the platform is correctly attached in place before closing the door and starting the Wash XL.

8. Please refer to Photocentric Resin/Resin Cleaner TDS for guidelines on wash cycle time recommendations here

9. Parts can be cleaned in using Photocentric Resin Cleaner in the Wash XL.

10.Once the print has been washed, rinse using water to remove excess resin and solvent. For Photocentric Resin Cleaner, rinse using warm. For Photocentric Resin Cleaner 30, rinse using warm (~40degC) water.

11. Photocentric highly recommends using compressed air to dry parts thoroughly. Alternatively, leave rinsed parts aside to dry.

The cleaning process is imperative for the quality of surface finish and texture after post exposure.

All parts produced using Liquid Crystal Titan will need to be finished using UV light and heat to fully cure the resin and achieve the correct material properties. Photocentric recommends using the Photocentric Cure XL. Please refer to specific resin TDS information for guidelines on post exposure.

1. Raise the platform transfer so that the forks can easily slide between the print platform and wash unit as shown below.

When operating the platform transfer safety shoes should be worn

2. Push the platform transfer forward against the front of the machine with its forks between the print arm and wash unit as shown below.

3. Free the platform by releasing the attachment in the WASH XL.

Handle printed parts with care as they are more fragile before post-exposure and avoid unnecessary exposure to light.

Do not take printed parts off from the platform prior to the cleaning and post-curing steps. If removed, it may affect the dimensional accuracy of parts.

4. Pull the lifting aid backwards away from WASH XL so that the build platform is removed from the printer.

If possible lower the platform transfer height to a level which will not damage the part but lower the overall centre of gravity of the lifting aid and build platform

5. Push the platform transfer into the Cure XL and lock the platform in place using the specifically designed attachment.

6. Slowly remove the platform transfer ensuring that the platform is correctly attached in place before closing the door and starting the Cure XL.

7. Please refer to resin TDS for guidelines on time recommendations for curing

8. Set the desired temperature and allow the Cure XL to reach the desired temperature.

9. Press and hold the ‘Start’ button (up arrow). The timer will beep once the time has elapsed.

10. Remove the platform from the Cure XL.

Wear gloves when handling printed parts prior to finishing. Handle the parts with care. The print platform will be hot to the touch after the curing process. It is important to wear heat-resistant gloves when removing the platform from the cure unit.

When removing parts from the platform eye protection and gloves should be worn. To remove parts from the print platform, Photocentric recommends submerging the hot print platform into cold water (thermal shocking) or manually removing parts via cutting or scraping. The chosen method will depend on the compatibility of the resin, accessibility of supports, and contact area of the part to the platform.

The print platform will be hot to the touch after the curing process. It is important to wear heat-resistant gloves when removing the platform from the cure unit.

Manually removing

If the printed resin is not compatible for thermal shocking, use cutters to remove the supports from the part. Alternatively, use the provided scraper to remove supports from the feet.

After the parts have been removed from the print platform, fully remove the supports from the part and complete the required finishing dependent on part printed.

Please read the instructions carefully and follow all warnings and instructions marked on the product.

 

• Titan weighs approx. 635kg. Ensure you have a forklift available to remove Titan from its crate.
• The footprint of Titan is 1.1×1.4m, ensure you have a flat and stable area that can handle Titan’s weight and footprint.
• Titan’s height is 2.2m. We recommend an area with a height of 2.5m to allow for comfortable operation.
• This 3D printer is connected to the electrical network with an input of 240 V AC, 50/60 Hz.
• Average Titan power consumption is 1.04kW, its peak is 3.38KW drawing 14.1amp at 240VAC.
• Plug in the power cord to the printer first, then connect the plug to the AC power outlet.
• Unplug the power cord from the AC power outlet before disconnecting from the printer.
• Do not operate outdoors.
• Do not allow resin or any liquids to get inside the chassis; wipe up any liquid spills immediately.
• Disconnect the printer from AC when not used for a long period of time.
• Do not allow anything to rest on the power cord. Do not locate this product where people could walk on the cord unless using a cable covering.
• If an extension cord is used with this product, make sure that the total ampere rating of the equipment plugged into the extension cord does not exceed the extension cord ampere rating. Also, make sure that the total rating of all products plugged into the wall outlet does not exceed the fuse rating.
• Do not overload a power outlet, strip, or receptacle by plugging in too many devices.
• Use the product only with the supplied power supply cord set.
• In case of malfunction, disconnect the printer immediately from the power network.
• Do not attempt to fix this product by yourself, as opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage points or other risks. Refer all repairs to qualified service personnel. Please send an email to your national supplier or contact technical service at: info@photocentric.co.uk
• Unplug this product from the wall outlet and refer servicing to a qualified service personnel if:
  • The power cord or plug is damaged, cut or frayed.
  • Liquid has been spilt in the machine.
  • The machine has been exposed to rain or water.
  • The machine has been dropped or the case has been damaged.
  • The machine does not operate normally after following the operating instructions.
• The resin is an irritant to skin and eyes. Always wear gloves when coming into contact with the liquid resin. Always use in a well-ventilated room. In exceptional circumstances people can become sensitive to the resin and develop a skin irritation or rash. Avoid this possibility by always wearing gloves and avoid breathing fumes.
• We recommend connecting Titan to your extraction unit through the hole in the top or side panels, using the supplied extraction spigot.
• The printer should be operated on a stable and level surface, preferably away from direct ambient light. Red ambient light is the most preferred.
• At no point should the user fully enter inside the printer.

Supporting and orientating parts

The optimal orientation and support structure for a part is influenced by several factors, primarily its geometry, but also resin type and which surface you wish to be free from support artefacts. There are established guidelines for how you angle and support parts of varied geometries available in Photocentric Studio.

As a Photocentric customer you have our team of Design for Additive Manufacture experts available to help you optimise your manufacturing process.

If you want to optimise your digital mass manufacturing, contact the experts.

Photocentric Studio Guide >

Supporting and orientating parts

If you design a part with an understanding of how parts print on Titan you will end up with better functioning parts and benefit from more successful printing. These are only indications of what limits you should design within.

Individual geometries create different conditions of force at lift. Titan is equipped with patented Blow-Peel technology and low adhesion vat film which deliver incredible reliability and print performance. We recommend that you minimise the surface area per slice to avoid sudden significant change in surface area from one layer to another.

Parts cured on the platform will remain more accurate through to support removal. Flexible materials have lower green strength and need to be designed to be stronger.

All figures are resin dependant, high green strength means you can reduce these settings, high flexibility means you need to extend them. You can check design parameters on Resin’s TDS as well as we have created a summary for you in here.

If in doubt please ask us, we provide free design guidance to our customers.

Supported walls

Supported walls are connected to other walls and should be a minimum of 0.5mm for Rigid, Durable or Flexible resins to avoid warping. Add 0.2mm thickness for each 10mm increase in size. If 10×10=0.5 then 100×100=2.3mm

Unsupported walls

Unsupported walls are not connected to anything else and should be a minimum of 0.5 mm thick for Rigid, Durable or Flexible resins to avoid warping. Add 0.25mm thickness for each 10mm increase in size.  If 10×10=0.5 then 100×100=2.75mm.

Supports and overhangs

An overhang refers to any part of a 3D model that extends outward horizontally or at an angle, unsupported by the layers below it. Overhangs can present challenges in printing because, without adequate support, they can droop or fail due to gravity during the printing process. Printing at 45◦ to the horizontal reduces lift forces. Overhangs that extend at angles less than 45 degrees relative to the vertical axis are generally easier to print without additional support, if they are taller than 100mm, then add supports.

Engraved features

Engraved details are recessed features on your model. A minimum depth and width of 0.8mm is required. It needs to be both deep and wide enough so it doesn’t fuse into the surrounding design.

Horizontal bridges

A horizontal bridge is the distance between two vertical structures. If the bridge is longer 3mm, then it may break during printing, or warp and lift off the platform.

Horizontal holes

Horizontal holes are those with their axis parallel to the XY plane. Minimum hole diameter should be 1mm for Rigid or Durable and 3mm for Flexible resins. Holes greater than 5mm diameter need supporting to prevent becoming oval.

Vertical holes

Vertical holes are holes with their axis parallel to the Z axis. Minimum hole diameter is 0.8mm for Rigid, Durable and 1mm for Flexible resins, but no deeper than 5mm. Holes should be designed larger by 0.15 to 0.2mm.

Connecting & moving parts

Clearance is the amount of distance needed between two moving parts of a model for instance between gears or joints. Parts should be printed separately and placed together after curing. For Rigid or Durable resins 0.15mm to 0.2mm for a tight fit and 0.4mm for a loose fit, For Flexible resins 0.5mm to 1mm for a tight fit and 2mm if parts need to move in and out (this can vary depend on shape and thickness of the part)

Drain holes

When a model is hollowed, adding drain holes is essential to allow resin to escape during and after the printing process and prevent cupping effect. Min diameter of 5mm hole and 1x hole per each 16 cubic centimetres of hollow part is recommended.

Maximum wall thickness

Thickness of the wall of the model should be limited to maximum of 10 mm. Large wall thicknesses can lead to sludging. In this case the wait time must be adjusted manually to 15s if part is no thicker than 50mm or 30s if part is thicker than 50mm.

Minimum wall thickness

For Rigid or Durable, min wall thickness for hollow parts is 2mm and for Flexible is 3mm. Adding internal infill is required. Large flat parts may need the addition of ribs or lattices to avoid warpage.

Pin diameter

A pin has a length greater than twice its width. At 0.8 mm thickness you can print up to 10 mm tall and it will remain straight. Minimum pin diameter for Rigid or Durable resins is 0.5mm, increase thickness by 0.25mm for every 10mm. For Flexible resins its 0.7mm, increase thickness by 0.35mm for every 10mm.

Maintenance schedule

Task	Frequency
Test Blow-Peel functionality	Weekly
Test LEDs and LCD screen functionality	Weekly
Inspect vat film	Before each print
Reskin vat film	Approx 20 prints*
Clean fan filters	Monthly
Check torque on Z-Axis carriage bolts	Monthly
Check ball screws and rails for signs of oxidation	Bi-Monthly
Replace LCD screen protector	Every 6 months*
Re-homing Z-axis arm or build plate	–

* may need to be changed earlier if there are excessive scratches on it.

Cleaning the platform

After printed parts have been removed, it is vital that the print platform is cleaned thoroughly before being used again.

1. If any Photocentric Resin Cleaner or residual resin is left on the print platform, clean it off with a suitable cleaning solvent and paper towel.

2. Cured resin should be removed from the platform using the scraper provided.

Visual burrs or artefacts on the platform indicate that it will need to be sanded. The sanding should be minimal to avoid degrading the surface of the platform and its parallelism to the screen. Photocentric recommends using 60 grit sandpaper.

3. Ensure there is no cured resin blocking the holes in the platform as this will affect future prints.

4. If available, use compressed air to remove loose debris from the platform to avoid piercing the vat film for future prints.

5. When not in use, the platform should be stored inside of the printer.

 

Interchanging platforms

Platforms can be interchanged between printers. They are not consumables but do wear out eventually. Print platforms should be sanded very carefully, using 60 grit sanding paper gently and evenly to ensure they remain flat.

 

Recalibrating platforms

The print platform has been pre-calibrated on our production line according to strict QC procedures. This ensures that the bottom surface of the print platform is parallel with the LCD screen. The platform should not become misaligned during your time using Liquid Crystal Titan. However, misalignment can happen if the print platform is dropped, specific bolts are loosened etc.

Should there be a requirement for print platform re-calibration, please contact our Support Team for further guidance.

Reskinning the vat

In normal operation, you should replace the resin vat film and gasket after approximately 20 prints. You should immediately replace the film if there is any visible damage or evidence of resin leakage. Replacing the vat film will take approximately 40 minutes if the correct procedure is followed and the correct tools are used. It is important to clean the vat body thoroughly to avoid fragments of cured resin or other contaminants damaging the newly fitted film.

You will need:

• Vat Cleaning Foam Mat
• Paper Towel
• Cleaning Solvent (e.g. Isopropyl Alcohol)
• Scraper
• 1x Vat Film
• 1x Vat Gasket
• PH2 Screwdriver
• PH3 Screwdriver

 

1. Find a clean, flat surface to work on.

2. Use the vat cleaning foam mat provided to cover the surface and protect the vat from damage.

3. Clean the vat thoroughly to avoid dripping resin when the vat is turned over.

4. Turn over the vat.

5. Remove the large vat screws using the PH3 Screwdriver, keep them to one side.

6. Lift off the vat ring assembly.

7. Clean the vat body thoroughly, ensuring that no cured resin or other contamination is present on the surfaces that will contact the new film.

8. Remove the small vat screws using the PH2 Screwdriver, keep them to one side.

9. Lift off the top vat ring, remove the vat film and dispose of it.

10. Clean both vat rings thoroughly using paper towel and cleaning solvent. Replace the gasket if necessary.

11. Ensure the vat cleaning foam mat is clean.

12. Lay the top ring down facing downwards.

13. Take a new piece of vat film from the pack and lay it centrally over the ring.

14. Finally, place the bottom ring onto the film with the chamfer facing downwards, aligning the holes with those on the top ring and gasket.

15. Secure the two rings together using the small screws and PH2 Screwdriver.

16. Carefully cut away the excess film. Now the vat ring assembly is ready for the next step. The screws should pierce the film as you begin to tighten them. The film must be kept flat at all times. It should not be under tension but there must be no creases. There should be excess film on all sides of the rings.

17. Carefully pierce holes for the larger vat screws using the tip of the screwdriver.

18. Place the gasket inside the frame of the vat and ensure the holes are aligned.

19. Place the vat ring assembly on the frame of the vat and ensure the holes are aligned.

20. Secure the vat ring assembly to the vat body using the larger vat screws with the PH3 screwdriver. Tighten the screws in two phases. Fit all screws loosely before fully tightening any. In both phases, start with the corners, then the middle of each edge. Finish the remaining screws in opposite pairs.

21. Check that the vat ring assembly sits flat against the vat body with no visible gaps.

22. Check that no damage has been caused to the new film during the assembly process.

23. The vat is ready to use.

You can gently tap on the vat film with a fingertip (not a fingernail) to check the tension. There should be a high-pitched, resonant sound like a small drum. If the film feels loose, the vat will not function properly.

 

Vat clamps

It is important to check and if needed to replace the vat clamps. Vat clamps securely holds the vat down which contributes to a consistent print performance.

Fan filter maintenance

The fan filter should be cleaned on a monthly basis but should also be checked weekly to ensure no dust build up during use. Ensure the printer is not in use with fans not running when fan filter maintenance is completed.

1. Remove the top row of screws from the fan filter access panel

2. Open panel and slide the magnetic filter out from between the filter clamps.

3. To clean the filter run a vacuum hose across the outer facing side of the filter. Vacuuming the inner facing side of the filter will pull larger dust particles through the filter reducing its lifespan.

4. Replace the filter between the filter clamps and close the fan filter access panel. Fan should not be operated without the fan filter and fan filter access panel in place.

File Upload

• File on USB is not recognised

To load the file from a stick, the USB must be formatted to FAT32 format, this is the only format the printer will detect. Do not load the file from a server, instead save the file locally on your PC. Ensure that your firewall is disabled, as it may prevent connection. Refresh the page on the user interface to check the uploaded file is present.

• Printer IP changes

Check the Wi-Fi router is not set to a dynamic IP, in which case the printer is allocated with a new IP address every time. Try connecting using this online file transfer method. Ensure the printer and the PC are connected to the same network that you are extracting the file from, and that the file is saved locally on your PC instead of on a server.

Platform

• Recalibrating the platform

If any print failure occurs and the Photocentric Service team advises you to re-calibrate your platform. We strongly advise you against calibration the platform if it is not needed.

• Platform doesn’t move

On the GUI press ‘Maintain’ and then ‘Lift platform’ to see if motor will lift normally. If it makes a rattling noise and doesn’t lift the platform then please contact support@photocentric.co.uk.

User interface – GUI freezes

Check the printer icon in the top left-hand corner of GUI, it should be in green colour when the printer is enabled. If the icon is red then it means the printer is disabled and won`t be able to function. Press the printer icon to enable it. Check if the printer is operating on the correct software / firmware on both the PCB and Pi.

Screen – No image displayed

If no image isn`t displayed on the LCD screen press ‘Maintain’ on the GUI and then ‘4K Display’ to see if the LCD screen is showing the image or not. If the logo isn`t displayed, then then please contact support@photocentric.co.uk

Vat leak

If you notice a minor vat leak you should stop printing immediately to avoid any damage to the printer.

1. Do not remove the vat, this will cause any resin held in it to pour out. When removing the vat correct manual handling techniques should be followed
2. Cancel the print. Wait until interlock gets deactivated. Interlock unlocked symbol
3. Go to the Calibration Routines page on the GUI and select home platform
4. Remove the platform from the printer.
5. Empty the remaining resin from the vat
6. Use the plastic card supplied to clean the resin from the vat film and find the hole in the film. This must be done gently to avoid further damage.
7. Remove the vat and empty any remaining resin through a filter as soon as possible.
8. Clean the vat as normal and clean the bottom of the vat film also. If the damage to the film is very small (1mm or less), you can seal it with clear tape applied to the underside of the film. If the damage is significant, reskin the vat following our guidelines.

• Cleaning up after a vat leak
• Vat leak sensor goes off

Continuous loud tone – resin vat leak sensors

If you hear a loud tone and a vat leak warning has appeared on the GUI, then the blow peel sensors have been activated, suggesting a vat leak.

Vat leaks are caused when the vat film has been pierced or torn and resin has flowed under it into the blow-peel system. To prevent damage to the machine, the sensors activate, sounding an alarm and the print is paused/cancelled. Remove platform and store in the dark. The user should then confirm if a vat leak has occurred and clean the leak immediately if so. If a false reading is given the build can be resumed however, discrepancies can occur in the print due to the pause with the likelihood of defects occurring increasing with the length of the pause.  Watch the video to learn how to clean a machine after a vat leak.

If you need to re-calibrate the platform please contact support@photocentric.co.uk

 

Photocentric Studio

• Lost License Key

If you’ve misplaced the license key, visit our website here and purchase the license key reset.

• Activating Studio license on a different system

To transfer your studio license to a different system, you need to first deactivate the license on your current system. Open the software and navigate to the ’Help’ tab. Select the option to remove the license from the current system. This action will deactivate the license on that computer, this process requires an active internet connection.

Cracks

The main reason why a model cracks is because it has high infill or internal support density. We recommend supporting the file with external supports, then hollowing and then adding the infill. We can advise on a variety of infill structures, both geometric and organic that can maintain strength and minimise mass. It is important not to hollow first otherwise the software will automatically generate internal supports which interferes with the infill. Add necessary holes and ensure that complex internally latticed structures are washed thoroughly, rinsed and left to dry for 4 hours before putting it in the curing unit.

Warping

Warping is caused by parts not being supported or orientated correctly. To avoid warpage of parts with high aspect ratio (e.g. thin large panels), use VoxelDance Additive software to ensure a strong lattice support network and very fine support tips to enable easy removal.

No adherence to platform

Check the parts are located on the platform in the software. Check the platform is sanded and has a key on the surface. Check the resin is warm and a long enough exposure time has been selected. Check the platform is homed correctly.

Delamination or lines in part

This happens when the parts do not stick on the platform or delaminate halfway through the printing process common causes are:

• Parts are not in contact with the platform
• Platform need sanding
• There is a vat leak
• Mistakes in file preparation miss lines
• Hollow model without drain holes
• Missing supports
• Blow peel release system is not functioning properly
• The vat gasket is not correctly positioned
• The vat is not secured with the vat clamps
• The print platform is not parallel to the LCD screen – it will need re-homing
• Customer using the base plate on Studio

Pin holes

A “pinhole” or “cut” is a print defect in which a small region of the part does not form. This void can take the form of a small hole, a tunnel that runs through the part, or a slit that cuts through the part. If other sections of the part would have been supported directly by the missing material, those sections may also fail to cure to the part. ither of the following factors, or a combination of them, can cause a hole or cut in a print:

• Debris on the bottom surface of the vat
• A gap in the print file
• Shrinkage pulling a wall in at that spot

Cupping or blowing

Cupping or a blowout is caused when a hollow or convex portion of a part acts as a suction cup and traps air while printing. As the build platform pulls away from the tank during the peel process, the empty space within the cup increases. This reduces the air pressure within the cup to create a pressure differential that pushes inward on the surrounding cup walls. If the walls are too thin and unable to withstand the pressure, then they buckle inward to equalize the pressure.

The risk of a cupping is dependent on the resin type, size of the cup, shape of the model, and thickness of the cup wall. Small cups, or cups with thicker walls, may print successfully. To avoid it add a drainage hole and orienting the model to minimise cupping.